Newsletter Issue 61 (November 2025)

The Weather of October 2025 – The warmest October

With a stronger than normal upper-air anticyclone covering southern China and cooler air from the north only reaching the coast of southern China later in the month, October 2025 was exceptionally warm in Hong Kong. There were in total 7 hot nights including 4 consecutive hot nights that started from 16 October, and 4 very hot days in the month, all breaking the records for October.

2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record, continuing exceptionally high warming trend

The alarming streak of exceptional temperatures continued in 2025, which is set to be either the second or third warmest year on record, according to the State of the Global Climate Update from the WMO. The past 11 years, 2015 to 2025, will individually have been the eleven warmest years in the 176-year observational record, with the past three years being the three warmest years on record.

WMO reacts to COP30 outcomes

The outcome at COP30 shows both progress and peril. The WMO welcomes the reaffirmed commitment to multilateralism and negotiated solutions to challenges that are too big for countries to confront alone. Of particular importance is the call to countries to triple adaptation finance to help countries prepare for more extreme weather and climate impacts which are devastating communities and disrupting national economies and global supply chains. (More @ Climate Action Network, CNN, BBC)

Evaluating Extreme Precipitation Forecasts: A Threshold-Weighted, Spatial Verification Approach for Comparing an AI Weather Prediction Model Against a High-Resolution NWP Model

(Summary by DeepSeek) A new spatial verification framework evaluates AI and traditional weather models for extreme precipitation. Results show the high-resolution NWP model excels at short lead times, while the AI model’s discrimination is better from 24 hours onward. Model performance is highly sensitive to the chosen spatial scale.

NOAA, NASA: 2025 ozone hole is 5th smallest since 1992

Scientists with NOAA and NASA have ranked this year’s ozone hole over the Antarctic as the fifth smallest since 1992 — the year that the Montreal Protocol, a landmark international agreement to phase out ozone-depleting chemicals began to take effect. “As predicted, we’re seeing ozone holes trending smaller in area than they were in the early 2000s,” said Paul Newman, a senior scientist at the University of Maryland system and longtime leader of NASA’s ozone research team.

Global Status of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems: 2025

Launched at the COP30 Belém Climate Summit, the Global Status of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems 2025 report provides a snapshot of progress in the implementation of the UN’s flagship EW4All initiative, which aims to protect every person on Earth with an early warning system by 2027. The report reveals measurable progress, with 119 countries, or 60% of all countries, now reporting the existence of a Multi-Hazard Early Warning System. However, coverage gaps persist.

海天為幕 風雲可測——記第十五屆全國運動會閉幕式氣象保障

11月21日晚，廣東深圳，歡樂港灣。以“海天為幕、城市為景”的第十五屆全運會閉幕式精彩上演，為這場承載“灣區同心”夢想的體育盛會畫上圓滿句號。視覺盛宴背後，一場關於監測精密與預報精准的“無形”之戰同樣精彩。克服了秋冬轉換時節颱風、冷空氣、弱降雨、海上大風等多重不確定因素的嚴峻考驗——氣象保障，以其極致追求，書寫了別樣的華彩篇章。如何做好閉幕式氣象服務保障？

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